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G. R. AYRES.

WOVEN FABRIC.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 23. 19l7fl 1,3 10,902. I Patented July 22, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

' WEFT on Fl saw/age ZD'Z'- ----JZ' seLvaqe WEFT OF? FILLE SELVAQE GEORGE R. .AYRES, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T0 WM, AYRES & SONS, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A FIRM COMPRISING LOUIS H. AYE-ES, WILLIAM G. AYRES, GEORGE R. AYRES, AND THE ESTATE OF WILLIAM M. AYRES.

WOVEN FABRIC.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE R. Ann's, a citizen of the United States, residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Woven Fabrics, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to woven articles such as rugs, lap robes, carriage robes, and the like; and the object of my invention is to provide these articles with a simple and cheap form of fringe. Articles of this character are more salable if provided with fringe but in the cheaper structures, where cotton instead of woolen or worsted warps are employed, it is impossible to form fringe from the ends of said cotton warps.

The important object of my invention is the provision of rugs with a weft fringe; that is to say, a fringe made from the weft or filling ends at the selvages of the woven fabric, after the selvages have been removed. In attempting any such procedure as this, it

IS necessary to provide selvage portions from which the warp threads can be removed rior to the twisting of the ends of the wefl to form the fringe. Additionally, however, these warps must be retained with the fabric and serve as a support for the wefts which are subsequently to form the fringe, while the main body of the fabric as. well as the selvage portions is being napped or teased to produce the desired fleece-like finished surface.

In carrying out my invention, I may employ warps of cotton or other cheap fiber, with woolen or worsted wefts, and the fringe is formed from weft ends at the selvage portions of the finished structure. In this way, the width of the fabric as woven becomes the length of the rug or robe made therefrom, and thelonger threads of such robe or rugs are the weft or fillin threads; the warp threads being removed from such selvage portions prior to twisting said weft or filling ends into fringe.

These and other features of my invention are more fully described hereinafter, reference being had to the accompanying draw-- ingsyin which:

Figure 1, is a diagrammatic view of an ordinary rug or robe in which the fringed ends are formed from the warp threads.

Fig. 2, is a similar view illustrating my Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 22, 1919.

Application filed February 23, 1917. Serial No. 150,581.

improved rug or robe in which the fringed ends are formed from the weft threads.

Fig. 3, is an enlarged view of a portion of a rug or robe made in accordance with my invention, illustrating the manner in which the selvages are formed.

Fig. 4, is a sectional view on the line IVIV, Fig. 3, and

Fig. 5, is a view similar to Fig. 3, showing the rug or robe after the warp threads adjacent the selvage portions have been removed and the ends of the weft threads twisted.

Practically all rugs, whether of the floor variety or those employed to cover couches or used for personal wear, like steamer rugs, &c., and the various types of the so-called automobile and carriage robes, blankets, &c., are provided with fringed ends or edges; such fringe being mainly employed for its esthetic or artistic value. Whatever the reason, it is highly desirable, and manufacturers aim to provide all rugs or robes of the character described with fringed ends or edges.

In the more expensive rugs or robes in which both warp and weft are of wool or worsted threads of substantially the same quality, the fringe formed integral with the rug or robe is made of the warp threads, and the method usually pursued is to stop the weaving operation when the end of a cut representing a single rug or robe is reached, and then wind up with the woven part a portion of the warp threads sufficient to form the fringe ends for two rugs, and after the rugs are finished, the plain unwoven portions of the warp threads may be cut through the center to form the fringe at the ends of the adjacent rugs. The free ends of said warps may then be twisted or my invention, the warps 1 will be of cotton, and the weft or filler 2 may be of a woolen or worsted yarn, or of shoddy, or of other form'of yarn, and the structure of the rug Will-{be such that after the surface of the weftth readshas been napped or teased in the usual manner to produce a fieecy or pilelike finish, the cotton warps will be completely hidden.

At the' selvage portions where 'I propose" to form the fringe from the weft ends, the warps 1 are more or less widely separated, so that'this portion will be relatively open or loose ;-permitting the ready removal of these warps in order that the weft ends 2 maybe twisted to form the fringe.

-Directly adjacent that portion of r the woven structure which forms the body of the rugproper, I may introduce a few extra warps 1", which may be set closertogether,

if necessary, insure sufficient body to permit the use-of meansto maintain the woven fa-bric taut and of proper width as it is being woven.

1 As 'theweavingprogresses, the woven material is woundon a roller in the usual man ner, and when finished, it is nappedorteased in-the-piece in'any usual manner to bring:

upthe desired fleecy or pile-like surface.

After this is done,-- the formation: of the fringe proceeds. To this end, the operatorv first removes from the-selvage portions of the rug-theloosel-y placed warps 1". C After these are removed, :a plurality of l the weftends 2-" are thencaught up "by the-operator and twisted in the manner illustrated in- Fig. '5,- and aften such twisting, they may be tied as'indicated at 5 in said figure. In the twisted and tied condition, they are then preferably dampened with a suitablesolutionofsize in'wat-er, and then subjected-to heat and pressurefor a short time,-which will: have the efFect ofsettingthe size and causing the same to hold the twisted fringed v ends in the position-to which they have been brou'ght'by the twistingoperation. After this has'been done and the size: has dried,

the extreme outer ends of the wefts may be cut off on the'line After this is done,

the fabric'may" be cut into-sections of'the size desired the cut edges being folded over and properly; bound or otherwise secured to prevent separationof the weft or filling from the warps, as indicated at 6 in Fig. 2. Ifdesir'ed,the twisting, tying and setting operations on the weft ends might be carrie'd-on after removingthe warp threads 1,

but it is preferable to form and set-the fringe before this part ofthe selvage is removed."

tionscould be woven with a series of cotton warps setat relatively wide distances apart which might be removed after the weaving operation is completed in the manner above described. Such warp ends wouldithen be twisted in the manner indicated, the twist tied in, and then treated with a sized water and the subsequent application-of heat and pressure to set the desired twist inv the fringed ends.

I claim:

1. The process of 'formingfringeon rugs; which consists in providing warp threads, applying filler or weft-threads andweaving. the same substantially at right angles to said warp threads, the warps at'theselvages of the woven structure. being disposed at" relatively wide distances apart whereby a looser fabric is produced, teasing or napping. the surfaces of the woven fabrlc, removing thewarp threads from the selvage portions of said sections, then twisting saidwweft ends,- applying amedium to said twisted weft ends to set the same in their twisted condition, andfinally cutting the woven fab ric into sections of the desired size.

2. The process of forming fringe on rugs, which consists in providing cotton warp. threads, applying-filler or weft threads of wool and weaving the same substantially at 1 right anglesto sald warp threads thewarps' at-the selvages of the woven structure being. disposed'at relatively wide-distances apart whereby a looserfabricis produced, teasing or napping the surfaces of the'woven fabric, removing the warp, threads fromthe" selvage portions of said sections thentwistingASaidWeftendS, applying a medium'to said twistedweft ends to set the sameain their twisted condition, and finally cutting! the woven fabric into sections of the desired 115 S1ZB.-

3. The process of forming fringe onirugsyi j -which consistsvin providing warp'threada-J applying filler or weft threads and weaving. the same substantially: at right angles to said warp threads, removing: the warp threads from the selvageportions of: said sections, then twistingsthe weft ends at-such selvage portions, applying a sized liquid to said twisted weft ends, and then applying heat and pressure to said sized 'ends to hold andset the twist imparted: thereto.

4:. The process of forming fringe on ru s, which consists in providing? warp threa s, applying. filler or weft threads and weaving the same substantially at right angles to said warp threads, teasing or napping the surfaces of the woven fabric, removing the warp threads from the selvage portions of said sections, then twisting the weft ends at such selvage portions, applying a sized liquid to said twisted weft ends, and then applying heat and pressure to said sized ends to hold and set the twist imparted thereto.

a 5.. The process of forming fringe on rugs, which consists in providing warp threads, applying filler or weft threads and weaving the same substantially at right angles to said warp threads, the warps at the selvages of the woven structure being disposed at relatively wide distances apart whereby a looser fabric is produced, removing the warp threads from the selvage portions of said sections, then twisting said weft ends, tying the said twisted weft ends, applying a sized liquid to said twisted weft ends, then applying heat and pressure to said sized ends to Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the hold and set the twist imparted thereto, and then forming the woven fabric into rung or robe sections.

6. The process of forming fringe on rugs, which consists in providing warp threads, applying filler or weft threads and weaving the same substantially at right angles to said warp threads, the warps at the selvages of the woven structure being disposed at relatively wide distances apart whereby a looser fabric is produced, teasing or napping the surfaces of the woven fabric, removing the warp threads from the selvage portions of said sections, then twisting said weft ends, tying the said twisted weft ends, applying a sized liquid to said twisted weft ends, then applying heat and pressure to said sized ends tohold and set the twist imparted thereto, and then forming the woven fabric into rug or robe sections.

In witness whereof I afiix my signature.

GEORGE R. AYRE'S.

Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G. 

